Heat the oven: Preheat to 400°F (200°C). Lightly butter a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Roast the squash: Toss the butternut cubes with 1 tablespoon olive oil, 1/2 teaspoon salt, 1/4 teaspoon pepper, and paprika if using. Spread on a sheet pan and roast 22–28 minutes, stirring once, until tender and lightly caramelized.
Sauté the aromatics: In a large skillet over medium heat, warm the remaining tablespoon of olive oil.
Add onion and cook 4–5 minutes until softened. Stir in garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Wilt the kale: Add chopped kale and a pinch of salt. Cook 3–5 minutes, stirring, until wilted and bright green.
Add red pepper flakes if you like a little heat. Remove from heat.
Mix the ricotta layer: In a bowl, combine ricotta, egg, Parmesan, thyme, lemon zest, 1/4 teaspoon salt, and a few grinds of pepper. Stir in 1/2 cup milk to loosen.
The mixture should be creamy and spreadable; add more milk in small splashes until it resembles a thick sauce.
Prep the noodles: If not using oven-ready noodles, cook lasagna sheets in well-salted water until just shy of al dente. Drain and lay flat on a lightly oiled sheet to prevent sticking.
Assemble the first layer: Spread a thin layer of the ricotta mixture over the bottom of the baking dish to prevent sticking. Lay down the first layer of noodles.
Layer the fillings: Spread a generous layer of ricotta mixture over the noodles.
Scatter a third of the roasted squash and a third of the kale on top. Sprinkle with mozzarella and a teaspoon or two of Parmesan.
Repeat: Add another layer of noodles and repeat the ricotta, squash, kale, and cheese. Do this for 3 layers total, finishing with noodles on top.
Top and moisten: Spread any remaining ricotta mixture over the top noodles.
If it seems dry, drizzle 1/4–1/2 cup milk around the edges so the top layer stays tender. Finish with the remaining mozzarella and a light shower of Parmesan.
Bake: Cover the dish with foil (tent it slightly so it doesn’t stick to the cheese). Bake at 375°F (190°C) for 25 minutes, then uncover and bake another 12–18 minutes, until bubbly and golden in spots.
Rest: Let the lasagna rest 10–15 minutes before slicing.
This helps it set and makes cleaner slices.
Serve: Garnish with extra Parmesan or fresh thyme if you like. A simple green salad balances the richness.