Cook the pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta until just al dente.
Reserve 1/2 cup of pasta water, then drain.
Brown the sausage: Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high. Add sliced sausage and cook until edges are browned, about 4–5 minutes. Transfer to a plate, leaving any drippings in the pan.
Sauté the veggies: Add onion and bell peppers to the skillet.
Cook, stirring, until softened and lightly caramelized, 6–8 minutes. Season with a pinch of salt.
Add garlic and spices: Stir in garlic, Cajun seasoning, and smoked paprika. Cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
If the pan looks dry, add a splash of broth to loosen any browned bits.
Build the sauce: Whisk in chicken broth, cream, tomato paste, and Dijon. Reduce heat to medium and simmer 3–4 minutes, stirring, until slightly thickened.
Melt in the cheese: Return sausage to the pan. Stir in Parmesan until smooth.
Taste and season with salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes if you want more heat.
Toss with pasta: Add drained pasta and a splash of reserved pasta water if needed to loosen the sauce. Toss until everything is glossy and evenly coated.
Finish and serve: Sprinkle with parsley or green onions. Add a squeeze of lemon to brighten the flavors.
Serve hot.