Heat the oven. Preheat to 400°F (200°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment. If using a tart pan, lightly grease it.
Prepare the squash. Peel, seed, and slice the butternut squash into thin half-moons.
Toss with 1 tablespoon olive oil, a pinch of salt, and pepper. Spread on the sheet and roast for 18–22 minutes until just tender with light browning. Set aside.
Caramelize the onions. Warm 1 tablespoon olive oil and the butter in a large skillet over medium-low heat.
Add the onions and a pinch of salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, for 25–35 minutes until deep golden and soft. If they stick, add a splash of water.
Stir in garlic and thyme during the last 2 minutes. Season with pepper.
Make the cheese base. In a bowl, mix ricotta, goat cheese, Parmesan, Dijon, a pinch of salt, and pepper. Adjust to taste.
This creamy layer helps the toppings stay put and adds rich flavor.
Prepare the crust. For puff pastry, unroll onto a parchment-lined sheet. Score a 1/2-inch border around the edges (don’t cut through). Prick the center with a fork to prevent puffing.
For a tart shell, fit dough into the pan and par-bake if needed per recipe directions.
Assemble. Spread the cheese mixture evenly over the center, leaving the border bare if using puff pastry. Top with a generous layer of caramelized onions, then arrange the roasted squash over the top in slightly overlapping rows. Sprinkle red pepper flakes if you like heat.
Egg wash and bake. Brush the pastry border with beaten egg.
Bake at 400°F (200°C) for 20–25 minutes, until the crust is golden and crisp and the toppings are heated through.
Finish and serve. Let cool 5–10 minutes. Drizzle with a touch of honey or balsamic glaze if desired. Garnish with extra thyme.
Slice and serve warm or at room temperature.